Taken from Collector's Weekly
Teddy bears are among the most cuddled and beloved of
childhood companions, but they are relatively new in the world of toys.
The story of their U.S. origins is probably the most famous. When
President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt failed to make a kill on a hunting
trip in November of 1902, his companions caught a bear cub and tied it
to a tree to give him an easy target. The President would not fire.
Instead, he declared, "Spare the bear! I will not shoot a tethered
animal."
Washington Post artist Clifford K. Berryman immortalized the scene when
he drew it in a political cartoon for the paper called "Drawing the Line
in Mississippi." That month, Brooklyn store owners Morris and Rose
Michtom made a stuffed bear
doll,
called "Teddy's Bear," and placed it in their display window with the
cartoon. The bear was a sensation, prompting the Michtoms to found the
Ideal Novelty and Toy Company.
Meanwhile, around the same time in Germany, Richard
Steiff
created a soft toy bear for his aunt, Margarete Steiff, who owned a big
toy factory. Steiff's idea for the bear, called a Bar 55PB, came from
his drawings of the animals at the Stuttgart Zoo. An American
wholesaler, George Borgfeldt, discovered it at the Leipzig Toy Fair in
1903, and promptly ordered 3,000 of them. By World War I, Steiff had
sold millions of these toys in the United States, Germany, and England.
Steiff bears made between 1903 and 1905 are the most-sought after. They
feature hump backs, long snouts, long arms with curved paws, and big
tapered feet—after 1905, the trademark Steiff button was sewn into their
ears. The earliest Ideal teddy bears, which are also highly valued,
look very different; they have triangular faces, chubby bodies, and long
straight limbs.
The heyday of teddy bears was between 1906 and 1908, during Roosevelt's
second term. Along with regular bears, manufacturers produced novelty
models, like the 1907 Laughing Roosevelt Bear by the Columbia Teddy Bear
Company, which featured the president's large teeth. The 1917 Patriotic
Bear, made during World War I, was red, white, and blue and had
electric light bulbs for eyes.
Before World War II, many new teddy-bear makers got their start. In
Germany, Bing made mechanical bears while Schuco focused on miniature
bears. Hermann bears from this period are also highly regarded. In Great
Britain, Dean's started making bear toys in 1915, while Merrythought
got into the business in 1930. J.K. Farnell made the original "Winnie
the Pooh" bought for Christopher Robin in 1921.
Other early-century teddy-bear makers include Harwin & Co., Chad
Valley, William J. Terry and Chiltern in England; Knickerbocker, Bruin,
Aetna, and Gund in the United States and
Joy Toys in Australia.
After the war, the U.S. market was overwhelmed with cheap plush toys
from Asian factories. By the end of the '60s, the traditional teddy bear
seemed to be on the verge of extinction. But when teddy bear collector
Peter Bull published his 1969 book on his obsession, interest in
old-fashioned bears surged. Christie's hosted the first auction devoted
to antique and vintage teddy bears in 1985, the same year the Teddy Bear
Artists Guild was founded in the United States.